What is Postmodernism?

Postmodernism is a broad term used to describe movements in a wide range of disciplines including art, philosophy, critical theory, and music. Many view postmodernism as a response to the preceding modernist movement, but where modernism simply reacts against classical concepts, particularly in the arts and literature, postmodernism takes this reactions to its extreme conclusion. Indeed, some see postmodernism not as a separate movement, but simply as a continuation of modernist struggle.
The word"postmodern" has been used so widely as to strip it of its meaning. There is hardely a discipline of the arts or social science that has not spawned numerous movements labelled as postmodern; and the aims of many of these movements seems to be contrary to one another. Nonetheless, the majority of times postmodern is applied it indicates one small handful of meanings.
In a pejorative sense, postmodernism implies an almost nihilistic outlook, stripping whatever the targeted aphere of any innate meaning. Views seen of being very relativist are often labelled postmodernist in an effort to disparage them.
In the creative disciplines, such as painting, literature, music and sculpture, postmodernism tends to lean heavily on using forms not traditionally perceived as artistic. Heavy use of kitsch or overly simplistic styles are two examples of this mode. Many postmodern artists appropriate earlier modernist and classical works and combine or alter them to create a new, ironic piece. In literature particularly, but also in much postmodern theater, traditional barriers between audience and narrator are broken down. A self-awareness of a character's role as a character in a novel is a prime example of this mode. Many postmodernists would argue that the presense of a self-aware irony is a neccesary cornerstone of any work claiming to be postmodernist.
In critical theory and philosophy, postmodernism serve as a striking counterpoint to classical foundations of philosophy. While earlier philosophers and theorists were devoted to the ongoing exploration of a universal system, postmodernists focus on the role of that search in creating what is known as truth itself. To most postmodernist theorist, it is the discourse itself that gives rise to any sort of perceived universality.
Postmodern archetecture- examplified by the school known as deconstructivist archetecture-tends to invert traditional element, such as placing interior elements on the exterior, and vise-versa. It might also place symbolic elements in highly visible and thouht-provoking locations, and emphasize jarring and discordant aesthetics.
Fundamentally, postmodernism may best be viewed as any form of thought and action which places an emphasis on a strongly ironic self-conciousness, intentional discontinuity with other elements of a work, or knee-jerk responses without self-consoring. This, based on preconceived notions of what is proper, but done with a spirit of liveliness and joyousness, verses modernism's rather dismal view of this subjectivity.